ABSTRACT
In this study we investigated the antimicrobial and anticancer activities of ethyl acetate extract of co-culture of Streptomyces sp. ANAM-5 and AIAH-10 isolated from soil of mangrove forest Sundarbans, Bangladesh. The antimicrobial activity of ethyl acetate extract was determined using broth-dilution method against Candida albicans, Saccharromyces cerevaceae and Aspergillus niger whereas anticancer activity was evaluated against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) cells in Swiss albino mice with the dose of 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg body weight (i.p). The Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) of ethyl acetate extract was found 32μg/ml against Candida albicans while 64 μg/ml against Saccharromyces cerevaceae and Aspergillus niger. The antineoplastic activity of the crude extract was increased in dose dependent manner with a significant value (p<0.01). Bacterial crude extract enhanced the mean survival time (MST) of tumor bearing mice at 71.79% and maximum cell growth inhibition was found 75.75 % with dose of 100 mg/kg body weight (i.p.). Our study revealed that ethyl acetate extract of co-culture of Streptomyces sp. ANAM-5 and AIAH-10 is an excellent source of antimicrobial and anticancer compounds which may become helpful to treat infections and cancer.
ABSTRACT
In this work, plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis was achieved from leaf and internode derived callus of Wedelia calendulacea, an endangered medicinal plant. Primary callus was induced by culturing leaf disc and internode explant on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 2.0 mg L-1 of 2,4-D under light condition. Transfer of embryogenic callus on a reduced concentration of 2,4-D facilitated somatic embryo development while calluses remained unorganized at the same 2,4-D level. A histological analysis confirmed somatic embryo by revealing the presence of a closed vascular system in the developing embryos and lack of a vascularconnection with surrounding callus tissues. Somatic embryos germinated into plantlets upon transfer on MS medium containing 1.0 mg L-1 BAP plus 0.5 mg L-1 GA3. Plantlets were acclimatized successfully and survived under soil condition. This is the first on somatic embryogenesis of W.calendulacea. This result could facilitate genetic transformation of this important medicinal plant.
ABSTRACT
Aim: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the antidiabetic effects of the Tamarindus indica Linn seed in normal (non-diabetic), type-I and type-II model rats and to investigate their effect on gastrointestinal motility and intestinal glucose absorption. Methodology: T. indica seed powder was used at a dose of 1.25g/kg bw/10 ml water. Male Long-Evans rats (160-210g body weight) were used for the experiment. Experiments were done in non-diabetic and streptozotocin-induced diabetic model rats with a single feeding in different prandial states and blood was collected. An intestinal perfusion technique was used to study the effects of T. indica seed powder on intestinal glucose absorption in normal and type-II model rats. Gut motility was evaluated using barium sulfate milk. Glucose was measured by Glucose oxidase-peroxidase (GOD-POD) method. Result: The screening results showed that T. indica seed powder had no effect on fasting or postprandial serum glucose level of normal and type-I diabetic rat. The seed powder also showed no hypoglycemic effect in the fasting state and no antihyperglycemic effect in type-II model rats when fed simultaneously with oral glucose load, but it exhibited significant antihyperglycemic effect when the seed powder was fed 30 minutes prior to the glucose load at 105 minutes (p<0.03). Glibenclamide significantly lowered postprandial serum glucose levels of non-diabetic and type-II diabetic model rats (p<0.02-0.001). T. indica exerted inhibition on glucose absorption in type-II rats during the whole perfusion period when compared with control. On the other hand, T. indica seed powder significantly inhibited the gastrointestinal motility in type-II rats. Conclusion: The present data suggest that T. indica possesses antihyperglycemic properties in type-II rats which are at least partly due to its inhibitory effect on intestinal glucose absorption. This effect cannot be attributed to the acceleration of intestinal transit.